Simple Present
|
||
Structure:
|
He works
She
works
It
works
I
work in an office.
You
work
We
work
You
work
They
work
|
NOTE: The third person singular (he/she/it)
always ends in –s.
Example: He works in an office.
|
Uses:
|
Permanent
truths (Something that is always
true.)
|
Summer follows
Spring. (Always)
|
The
present period: To refer to events,
actions or situations which are true in the present period of time and which
may continue.
|
My
father works in a bank everyday. (Key word=everyday)
|
|
Habitual
actions: Things that happen
repeatedly. Many times used with an adverb of indefinite frequency.
|
I sometimes stay
up until
|
|
Future
reference: If there is an idea of a
plan or schedule.
|
We leave tomorrow
at
|
|
|
|
|
Present
Progressive/Continuous (am/is/are + verb-ing)
|
||
Structure:
|
I am
He
is
She
is writing.
It
is running.
We
are
You
are
They
are
|
I’m
He’s
She’s writing.
It’s running.
We’re
You’re
They’re
|
Uses:
|
Actions
in progress at the moment of speaking
|
Someone’s knocking
at the door.
What are you doing
now? (Keyword=now)
|
Planned
actions (future reference)
|
We’re spending
next summer in
|
Simple Past
|
||
Structure:
|
Regular Past
I
He
She played.
It worked.
We
You
They
|
Irregular Past
I
He
She shut the book.
It sat on the floor.
We
You
They
|
Uses:
|
Completed
actions: A time reference must be
given or understood from context.
|
Sam phoned a few
minutes ago. (Keyword=ago)
I had a word with
her this morning.
|
Past
habits: (used to)
|
I smoked two packs
a day until I gave it up.
(In the past)
|
|
Immediate
past (happened a very short time ago):
This can sometimes be used without a time reference.
|
Jimmy punched me in
the stomach.
Did the phone ring? (In the past)
|
|
Polite
inquiries: This doesn’t refer to a
past time. It’s used many times with
verbs like: hope, think
or wonder particularly when asking for favors.
|
I wonder if you could help
me.
(Could is more
polite than can)
I wondered if you
could help me. (more tentative/
polite)
|
|
|
|
|
Past
Progressive/Continuous (was/were + verb-ing)
|
||
Structure:
|
I was
He was
She was waiting.
It was working.
We were
You were
They were
|
|
Uses:
|
Actions
in progress at some time in the past
|
John was working on
his paper last night.
|
Actions
which began before something else happened:
Used with the simple past. The
past continuous describes the action in progress and the simple past
describes the shorter action. In this
situation, the past progressive is often introduced by conjunctions
like: when, as, just as and while.
|
Just as I was
leaving the house, the phone rang.
(I did NOT finish leaving)
We were eating
supper when the phone rang.
|
|
Parallel
actions: Two or more actions in
progress at the same time. Use while
or at the time.
|
While I was working, my
wife was cooking dinner.
|
|
Polite
inquiries: Even more polite and
tentative than the simple past.
|
I was wondering if
you could help me.
|
Present Perfect (have/has
+ past participle)
|
||
Structure:
|
He has
She has
It has waited.
I have left.
We have
You have
They have
|
|
Uses:
|
Actions
beginning in the past and continuing up to the present moment. (for + period
of time / since + point of time)
|
He has been at DLI for
one month. (He is still at DLI)
I’ve lived
here since 1990. (I still live
here)
|
Actions
occurring (not occurring) at an unspecified time in the past.
|
She has finished
her homework. (When is NOT
important)
Have you seen the new
movie? (Sometime in the past/before)
|
|
|
|
|
Present Perfect
Progressive/Continuous (have/has +
been + verb-ing)
|
||
Structure:
|
He has
been
She has been
It has been waiting
I have eating.
We have been
You have been
They have been
|
|
Uses:
|
Used
to emphasize that an activity has been in progress throughout a period of
time.
|
She is tired. She’s been cleaning the house
all day. (She’s not finished)
|
To
show an action that is frequently repeated.
|
He has been calling
me every night for the past week. (He
still calls)
|
|
To show that you have come to a conclusion based on
direct or indirect evidence.
It
often occurs in complaints.
|
You’re eyes are red. You’ve been crying.
The room stinks. Someone has been smoking in here.
|
Past Perfect (had + past
participle)
|
||
Structure:
|
I had
He had
She had waited.
It had left.
We had
You had
They had
|
|
Uses:
|
Refers
to an earlier past: Shows which of two
events happened first.
|
The patient had died
when the doctor arrived. (Two actions=died
and arrived)
|
Can
function as the past equivalent of the present perfect.
|
She is excited
because she has never been to a dance before.
She was excited
because she had never been to a dance before.
|
|
To
describe things that we hoped or wished to do, but didn’t. Used with verbs like: expect, hope, mean, suppose, think
and want.
|
I had hoped to
finish my homework in an hour, but it took much longer.
|
|
|
|
|
Past Perfect
Progressive/Continuous (had + been + verb-ing)
|
||
Structure:
|
I had
been
He had been
She had been waiting
It had been eating.
We had been
You had been
They had been
|
|
Uses:
|
Used
to emphasize that an activity had been in progress throughout a period of
time.
|
She was tired. She’d been cleaning the house
all day.
|
To
show an action that was frequently repeated.
|
I was annoyed. He had
been calling me every night for a whole week. (He doesn’t call anymore)
|
|
To show that you have come to a conclusion based on
direct or indirect evidence.
|
Her eyes were red. It was obvious that she had been crying.
|
Simple Future (will + simple
form verb)
|
|||||
Structure:
|
Affirmative
I will (I’ll)
He
will (He’ll)
She will (She’ll)
It
will (It’ll)
stay.
We
will (We’ll)
You
will (You’ll)
They
will (They’ll)
|
Negative (will
not = won’t)
I
will not (I won’t)
He
will not (He won’t)
She
will not (She won’t) stay.
It
will not (It won’t)
We
will not (We won’t)
You
will not (You won’t)
They
will not (They won’t)
|
|||
Uses:
|
To
predict events or to invite prediction
|
It will rain tomorrow. (Keyword=tomorrow)
Will taxes rise next
year? (Keyword=next year)
|
|||
To
express hope or expectation after verbs like: be afraid, be sure, believe,
doubt, expect, hope, suppose and think.
|
I hope that I’ll
get the job.
I am afraid that I won’t
do well on the test.
|
||||
Other ways of expressing
the future: (Deal more with
intentions, plans and arrangements, not simple prediction.
|
be
going to
|
I’m
going to see him tomorrow.
|
|||
be
to
|
I’m
to see him tomorrow.
|
||||
present
progressive
|
I’m
seeing him tomorrow.
|
||||
simple
present
|
I
see him tomorrow.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Future
Progressive/Continuous (will + be + verb-ing)
|
|||||
Structure:
|
I will
be
He will be
She will be waiting.
It will be working.
We will be
You will be
They will be
|
||||
Uses:
|
To
describe actions which will be in progress in the immediate or distant
future.
|
Hurry! The guests will be arriving soon. (Keyword=soon)
|
|||
Often
used for visualizing a future activity already planned.
|
Next week at this time, I’ll
be relaxing on the beach.
(Keyword=next week)
|
||||
Sometimes
the future continuous is used to describe a simple future action, but in a
softer way. It takes away the element
of deliberate intention often implied by will.
|
I’ll work on this
tomorrow. (intention, possibly a
promise)
I’ll be working on
this tomorrow. (just future, no
promise)
|
||||
Can
be used to refer to planned events, particularly in connection with travel.
|
We’ll be spending
the winter in
I’ll be giving a
party next week.
|
Future Perfect (will +
have + past participle)
|
||
Structure:
|
I will
have
He will have
She will have left.
It will have finished.
We will have
You will have
They will have
|
|
Uses:
|
To
show an action will be completed by a certain time in the future.
|
I will have retired
by the year 2020. (Keyword=by)
I expect you will have
changed your mind by tomorrow.
|
The
continuation of an action up to the time mentioned.
|
We will have been
married a year on May 5th.
|
|
|
|
|
Future Perfect
Progressive/Continuous (will + have + been + verb-ing)
|
||
Structure:
|
I will
have been
He will have been
She will have been living here for more than 20
years by the
It will have been end of the year.
We will have been
You will have been
They will have been
|
|
Uses:
|
The
continuation of an action up to the time mentioned.
|
By this time next week, I will have
been working at this company for 25 years. (Keywords=by the time)
|
تنبيه : المرجوا عدم نسخ الموضوع بدون ذكر مصدره المرفق بالرابط المباشر للموضوع الأصلي وإسم المدونة وشكرا
0 التعليقات :